Sources

Current characters and official figures come from Trinity House and the Commissioners of Irish Lights. Historical measurements for Bell Rock, Minot’s Ledge and the Fresnel lens come from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain. The moving of Cape Hatteras comes from the U.S. National Park Service. All of the pages cited were retrieved on 15 November 2026.

The Northern Lighthouse Board’s Bell Rock page could not be read from the machine that built this site (it returned a short challenge page), so Bell Rock is not given a current official character here. The 1911 description is used instead, and labelled as such.